Chemiluminescence Immunoassay, CLIA is a highly sensitive immunoassay technique.
1. Principle
Chemiluminescence immunoassay combines the specificity of immune response and the high sensitivity of chemiluminescence. Its basic principle is to combine the specific immune response between antigen and antibody with chemiluminescence reaction. Specifically, the antigen in the sample to be tested combines with a specific antibody to form an immune complex. Then, through a series of chemical reactions, the immune complex produces a chemiluminescent signal. The luminescence intensity is proportional to the concentration of the antigen to be tested, and the content of the antigen to be tested can be quantitatively analyzed by detecting the luminescence intensity.
2. Main components
Antibodies: including capture antibodies and detection antibodies. The capture antibody is usually fixed on a solid phase carrier to capture the antigen to be tested. The detection antibody is combined with a chemiluminescent marker to detect the antigen in the immune complex.
Solid phase carrier: such as microplates, magnetic beads, etc., used to fix the capture antibody to facilitate immune reaction and separation and washing.
Chemiluminescent marker: usually a substance that can produce a luminescent signal in a chemical reaction, such as luminol, acridinium ester, etc. The marker combines with the detection antibody to produce a chemiluminescent signal after the immune reaction.
Detection system: including equipment such as luminescence detectors, which are used to detect the intensity of chemiluminescent signals and convert them into readable values.
3. Features
High sensitivity: It can detect extremely low concentrations of the test substance, which is usually several orders of magnitude more sensitive than traditional immunoassay methods.
Wide linear range: The content of the test substance can be accurately measured in a wide concentration range without multiple dilutions.
Strong specificity: Based on the specific binding of antigen and antibody, it is highly selective for specific test substances.
Fast: The detection process is relatively fast and the results can generally be obtained in a shorter time.
High degree of automation: It is suitable for the detection of large-scale samples and can be used in conjunction with automated instruments to improve detection efficiency.
4. Application areas
Clinical diagnosis: It is used to detect various biomarkers, such as tumor markers, hormones, infectious disease markers, etc., to provide important basis for disease diagnosis, treatment monitoring and prognosis evaluation.
Drug development: It is used for drug concentration monitoring, efficacy evaluation and drug metabolism research.
Food safety testing: Detection of harmful substances, pesticide residues, veterinary drug residues, etc. in food.
Environmental monitoring: Detection of pollutants and toxic substances in the environment.